The amount of humic acid sodium added in feed and its application

Humic acid sodium is a kind of macromolecular organic weak acid sodium salt with multiple functions, which is made from weathered coal, peat and lignite through special processing. Its structure is relatively complex. It is known that humic acid molecules contain benzene ring, fused ring and some heterocycles (such as pyrrole, furan, indole, etc.). There are bridge bonds between aromatic rings. There are various functional groups on the aromatic ring, mainly carboxyl, phenolic, hydroxyl, methoxy, quinone, etc. Sodium humic acid contains more than 75% of humic acid on dry basis, which is a good veterinary medicine and feed additive for the production of green milk, meat and egg food.

1、 Pharmacological effects of humic acid

1. Activation and absorption of feed ingredients

Due to the large molecular weight of humic acid itself, it can also form larger particles in a certain medium, so it has colloidal properties and adsorption capacity, forming good ion exchange and catalysis, and promoting the activation and absorption of feed ingredients.

1.1 Fully decompose and organically combine various complex molecular nutrients in feed, increase gastrointestinal function, and promote protein assimilation.

1.2 Improve the permeability of animal cell membranes and protoplasm, increase the water content in muscle cell gaps and cells, and cause the phenomenon of smooth and tender pig body hair.

1.3 The adsorption of humic acid makes the feed nutrients pass through the intestinal tract slowly, enhances the absorption and digestion time, and improves the absorption rate of nutrients.

1.4 humic acid molecule is rich in nitrogen and has a strong absorption effect on amino acid. It makes full use of the non protein ammoniates in the feed. Feed protein is converted into muscle protein to a higher extent, giving play to the growth potential of lean meat and improving the proportion of lean meat. At the same time, humic acid molecules left in the intestinal tract can also absorb ammonia in feces, which not only reduces the odor of feces, but also increases the fertilizer efficiency due to the absorption of ammonia.

1.5 The quinone group contained in humic acid participates in the redox process of the body, makes metabolism vigorous, promotes cell proliferation, and accelerates growth.

1.6 humic acid sodium can improve gastrointestinal function, promote gastric juice secretion, increase appetite, promote nutrients to enter the body faster, stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, and inhibit the reproduction of putrefactive bacteria.

1.7 Since humic acid sodium can promote digestion and absorption, it can make better absorption and utilization of mineral elements in feed compatibility, and give full play to the role of mineral elements and vitamins.

2. Impact on endocrine function

2.1 humic acid can inhibit sympathetic nerve and induce drowsiness by stimulating the secretion of some glands, increase the time for animals to sleep or be quiet, and generally reduce the whole body movement and visceral activities. On the one hand, it is conducive to the assimilation of the whole body, so that various organ systems can be recovered in time. On the other hand, the body temperature of domestic animals decreases during sleep, and the heat consumption and excess sports energy consumption are reduced, Relatively increased storage energy, resulting in an increase in muscle and fat deposition and improved feed conversion rate.

2.2 humic acid can activate the function of pituitary adrenal cortex, promote the secretion of ACTH, increase the secretion of estrogen, and stimulate the balance of thyroid.

3.Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects

3.2 humic acid sodium is a macromolecular complex and contains alkaloids, so it has a strong adsorption capacity for intestinal inflammatory substances and toxic substances, and has a convergence effect on intestinal mucosa. In addition, because humic acid sodium structure contains various active groups, it can shrink blood vessels, reduce capillary permeability, and play an anti-inflammatory and hemostatic role.

3.3 Under the action of various enzymes, the active group in humic acid sodium molecule can decompose more primary oxygen, showing bactericidal effect.

4. Antiviral effects

4.1 Different from antibiotic, humic acid is not subject to decomposition by mold and bacteria, and can denature viral protein to produce antiviral effect.

4.2 Sodium humic acid can make DNA virus (bare and enveloped) unable to be adsorbed and connected to cells and unable to reproduce. In addition, it can inhibit reverse transcriptase activity and virus synthesis

5. Promoting wound healing effect

5.3 humic acid sodium can increase the number of platelets, shrink the blood vessels, reduce the permeability of capillaries, and reverse the abnormal microcirculation perfusion to promote recovery to normal.

5.4 humic acid sodium can stimulate the synthesis of prostaglandins in gastric mucosa, increase the blood flow of gastric mucosa, protect gastric mucosa and heal ulcers.

6. Impact on immune function

6.1 Sodium humic acid can increase the weight of the spleen of mice and rabbits, enlarge the white pulp area, increase the number of red pulp cells, and produce large macrophages, thus enhancing the function of immune organs.

6.2 humic acid sodium can stimulate the function of reticuloendothelial system, that is, non-specific immune function.

6.3 humic acid sodium can enhance the humoral immune function.

6.4 humic acid sodium can increase the leaching rate, has the effect similar to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and participates in cellular immunity.

2、 Toxicology and detoxification of humic acid sodium

Humic acid sodium is proved to be safe and non-toxic through general toxicity and special toxicity tests. For example, humic acid sodium can give rats an oral dose of LD50? 12g/kg, intragastric administration of sodium humic acid to mice with LD50? 3150 mg/kg, maximum oral tolerance LD50 for dogs? 4 grams/kilogram. Humic acid sodium not only has no toxicity but also has detoxification effect. It has detoxification effect on heavy metals, brucine, etc., and can reduce the toxicity of urea.

3、 Existing problems

The composition and structure of humic acid have not yet been fully understood.

2 Sodium humic acid vs G ˉ Bacteria have a certain therapeutic effect, and further testing is needed to determine whether they are effective against G+bacteria, mycoplasma, etc.

3 Studies at home and abroad have proved that it is effective against foot and mouth disease, lamb stomatitis, and chicken Newcastle disease, and its mechanism needs to be further confirmed. It is proved that it is effective against DNA virus at home and abroad. Animal DNA virus includes 20 species in 3 families. Among these 20 members, only two kinds of infectious laryngotracheitis and bovine mastitis are reported to be effective in literature, and other viruses have not yet been tested.

4 The effect of humic acid sodium is cumulative, and it needs to be used continuously as a growth promoter.

5 The drug quality of humic acid sodium has not yet been unified, and the Drug Administration Department of the Ministry of Agriculture has not yet formulated a unified standard. At present, the reputation of humic acid sodium has been seriously damaged due to the substandard quality of the commodities on the market.

Due to different raw materials or different extraction methods, the components and molecular structures of humic acid sodium obtained are quite different, and their biological activities will also vary accordingly.

4、Application Prospects

At present, humans attach great importance to the residue of chemical drugs, antibiotics, sulfonamides, pesticides, and heavy metals in food. Various countries have formulated various regulations and strict inspections are required for import and export. China's pig and chicken production ranks first in the world, but the export volume is very small, and residual issues are a major reason. In the 1980s, China's meat export problems were DDT, BHC and foot and mouth disease. In recent years, chemicals, antibiotics and sulfonamides have become the targets of foreign inspection, while humic acid sodium does not have the problem of drug suspension period. It can not only increase weight, reduce fecal odor, but also prevent disease. It can be fed until slaughter, and is a good feed additive for producing milk, meat and eggs. In addition, China is rich in coal resources, and peat and lignite containing humic acid are inferior coals in industry, with little use value, just for feed. Therefore, humic acid feed additive, as a new type, low-cost and cost-effective additive, has a very broad prospect of development and utilization.